Paper 1 – Crime and Punishment c1000-present & Whitechapel (Historic Environment)
Saxons (up to 1066) Normans (1066-c.1150) Later Middle Ages (c.1150-1500)
Key crimes | Policing | Trials | Punishments |
Petty theft Violence Murder Treason Forest Laws (Social crimes) | Hue and Cry Tithings Parish Constable Royal Sheriff Posse Coroner Local gaol (until trial only) | Trial by Jury Manor Court JPs Trial by Ordeal Trial by Combat Church Courts Benefit of the Clergy (Neck verse) Royal Courts Royal judges Sanctuary | Capital punishment Corporal punishment (Stocks & pillories) Wergild Murdrum |
Key crimes | Policing | Trials | Punishments |
Vagabondage Witchcraft Heresy Treason | Hue and Cry Tithings JPs Parish Constable Town Watchman Sergeant Citizens Rewards | Manor Courts Quarter Sessions JPs County Assizes Royal judges Habeus Corpus Swim test End of Benefit of the Clergy | Capital Punishment Bloody Code Corporal Punishment Pillory Whipping Fines Carting Ducking school Transportation (USA) Houses of correction “Bridewells” |
Key social changes |
Population growth Economic changes Printing Religious turmoil (Reformation) Political Change (English Civil War) Landowners’ attitudes |
Key crimes | Policing | Trials | Punishments |
Highway robbery Poaching Black Act Smuggling Tolpuddle Martyrs Secret oaths (Naval law) French Revolution | Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Robert Peel | The Old Bailey Police courts (minor = no jury) | End of Bloody Code Transportation (Australia) Old Prison System John Howar Elizabeth Fry Gaol’s Act Separate System Silent System |
Key crimes | Policing | Trials | Punishments |
Car crime Murder Hate crimes Terrorism Violent crime Sexual offences Computer crime Theft, burglary & shoplifting Smuggling Drug offences Human Trafficking | Crime prevention Weapons Basic training Camera technology Communications Changing roles Vehicles Crime detection Specialisation Computer records Numbers | Youth courts Magistrates court County court Crown court | Conscientious objectors (WW1 verses WW2) Non-custodial alternatives: Probation officer Fines Birching Parole Suspended sentences Community Service Tagging Juvenile delinquents Borstal Fining parents Young Offenders institute Attendance Centres Abolition of the death penalty: Derek Bentley Timothy Evans Ruth Ellis |
Metropolitan police | Local context of Whitechapel | Organisation of policing & difficulties |
Police recruits Beat constable Development of the CID Charles Vincent Police Commissioners Sir Edmund Henderson Sir Charles Warren Thomas Titley Trial of the detectives Trafalgar Square riot | Lodging ‘Doss’ Houses Rookeries Flower & Dean Street Peabody Estate Workhouse Casual Ward Linking environment to crime Alcoholism & prostitution Ten Bells Pub Lack of employment | H-Division Leman Street Police Station Thames Police Court Alcoholism & prostitution Gangs Alley ways Violent demonstrations Attacks on Jews Protection rackets Vigilance Committee |
Tensions in Whitechapel | Investigative policing in Whitechapel |
Irish and Jewish immigrants (From Poland and Russia) Temporary accommodation Anarchism Socialism Immigration Criminal underclass – residuum | Jack the Ripper case study Careful observation Photography and sketches Autopsy Interviews and following up clues House to house Leaflets Newspaper appeals / letters Bloodhounds Criminal profiles Rival police forces – City of London Police |
Skills
Whitechapel:
For example… / This was because…
Identify why the source is useful (in relation to the question) due to:
Useful for…. as it says ”______” / implies…
This reflects the time when…
It’s also useful/limited due to…
“Quote”
An alternative report / newspaper / census / court records / police records / Charles Booth’s survey of poverty
It would provide information on….
Crime & Punishment through time:
(P) ________ happened for a number of reasons
(E) For example…
(E) This led to… because… As a result (of this)….
(L) Therefore…. (Link back to the question)